What condition might present with a "cherry red spot" on the retina?

A "cherry red spot" on the retina is a classic sign indicative of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). In this condition, the central artery that supplies blood to the retina becomes blocked, leading to ischemia (insufficient blood supply) of the retinal tissue. When the retina becomes ischemic, the surrounding areas of the retina appear pale or white due to the loss of retinal perfusion. However, the fovea, which is the central part of the retina, remains perfused through collateral circulation from the choroid, resulting in a characteristic red spot that contrasts sharply with the surrounding pale retina.

This finding is essential for clinicians, as it suggests a critical and potentially vision-threatening event that requires prompt evaluation and management to restore blood flow and prevent irreversible vision loss. Understanding this clinical manifestation helps differentiate CRAO from other ocular conditions, underscoring its significance in HEENT assessments.